Publications

SCI/SCIE: Science Citation Index Expanded | SSCI: Social Sciences Citation Index| ESI: Essential Science Indicators| ESCI: Emerging Sources Citation Index

*Corresponding author, 1 co-first author, Q1 journal classification based on CiteScore, TOP journal classification based on SCI journal division of Chinese academy of sciences, and ESI Highly Cited Paper.

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TOPIC I: BSTVC series models (A full-map approach to detecting spatiotemporal heterogeneity)

• BSTVC | Make Space and Time Explainable.
• Developer of the BSTVC model (spatiotemporal heterogeneous perspective for analyzing influencing factors, identifying key drivers, and making dynamic predictions, all within a unified ‘full-map’ framework) and its R package (https://github.com/songbi123/BSTVC).
• Bayesian STVC model

Conventional global regression reduces complex spatiotemporal relationships to a single coefficient, while black-box GeoAI often explains predictions only after the fact. BSTVC (Bayesian Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients) takes a different path—unifying local effects, global key-driver identification, dynamic prediction, and uncertainty quantification within a transparent Bayesian framework to reveal where, when, and why relationships change.

• BSTVC R package
• BSTVC Desktop (since 2026)
• The first open-source tool for spatiotemporal interpretability analysis. No Code Reproducible Bayesian White Box
• [Statistical Theories]
• Chao Song , Hao Yin, Xun Shi, Mingyu Xie, Shujuan Yang, Junmin Zhou, Xiuli Wang, Zhangying Tang, Yili Yang, Jay Pan: Spatiotemporal disparities in regional public risk perception of COVID-19 using Bayesian Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients (STVC) series models across Chinese cities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2022:103078. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103078. (SCI)
• Chao Song , Xun Shi*, Yanchen Bo, Jinfeng Wang, Yong Wang, and Dacang Huang. “Exploring Spatiotemporal Nonstationary Effects of Climate Factors on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Using Bayesian Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients (STVC) Model in Sichuan, China.” Science of The Total Environment 648 (2019): 550-60. (SCI, 2019 ESI Highly Cited Paper) DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.114. Download this article.
• Chao Song , Xun Shi, and Jinfeng Wang. “Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients (STVC) model: a Bayesian local regression to detect spatial and temporal nonstationarity in variables relationships.” Annals of GIS (2020)：26:3, 277-291. DOI: 10.1080/19475683.2020.1782469. (ESCI, Journal 2020 Best Paper Award 1st place, Cover paper)
• Qin Wan, Zhangying Tang, Jay Pan, Mingyu Xie, Shaobin Wang, Hao Yin, Junmin Li, Xin Liu, Yang Yang, Chao Song * : Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in associations of national population ageing with socioeconomic and environmental factors at the global scale, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133781. (SCI)

• [Cases/Applications with BSTVC]

• Chao Song 1 , Yaode Wang 1 , Xiu Yang, Yili Yang, Zhangying Tang, Xiuli Wang, and Jay Pan. Spatial and Temporal Impacts of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors on Healthcare Resources: A County-Level Bayesian Local Spatiotemporal Regression Modeling Study of Hospital Beds in Southwest China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5890. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165890 (SSCI, SCI)
• Zhang, Xu 1 , Chao Song 1 , Chengwu Wang, Yili Yang, Zhoupeng Ren, Mingyu Xie, Zhangying Tang, and Honghu Tang. 2021. “Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts on Regional Tourism across Chinese Cities: A Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Perspective” ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6: 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060410 (SCI)
• Yang Yang 1 , Jintao Yang 1 , Chengdong Xu, Chong Xu, Chao Song*. Local-scale landslide susceptibility mapping using the B-GeoSVC model. Landslides 16(7): 1301-1312 (2019). DOI: 10.1007/s10346-019-01174-y (SCI)
• Chao Song , Xiu Yang, Xun Shi, Yanchen Bo, and Jinfeng Wang. “Estimating Missing Values in China’s Official Socioeconomic Statistics Using Progressive Spatiotemporal Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling.” Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (2018): 10055. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-28322-z (SCI)
• Liao, L., Yuan, F., He, Y., Shixi, X., Tang, X., Xie, M., … & * Song, C **. (2025) Spatiotemporal disparities in maternal mortality and the role of multiscale administrative levels: a 20-year study across Chinese counties. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1572382.
• Tang Z # , Sun Q # , Pan J, Xie M, Wang Z, Lin X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xue Q, Bo Y, Wang J, Liu X, & Song C . (2024). Air pollution’s numerical, spatial, and temporal heterogeneous impacts on childhood hand, foot and mouth disease: a multi-model county-level study from China. BMC Public Health, 24, 1: 2825. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20342-x
• Chao Song # , Lina Fang # , Mingyu Xie, Zhangying Tang, Yumeng Zhang, Fan Tian, Xiuli Wang, Xiaojun Lin, Qiaolan Liu, Shixi Xu & Jay Pan. Revealing spatiotemporal inequalities, hotspots, and determinants in healthcare resource distribution: insights from hospital beds panel data in 2308 Chinese counties. BMC Public Health 24, 423 (2024).
• Song, C ., Wang, X., Ge, E., Shi, X., & Pan, J. Applications of Geospatial Information Technologies and Spatial Statistics in Health Services Research. Frontiers in Public Health, 2024，11, 1349985.
• He, Y., Seminara, P. J., Huang, X., Yang, D., Fang, F., & Song, C . (2023). Geospatial Modeling of Health, Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Factors with COVID-19 Incidence Rate in Arkansas, US. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 12(2), 45.
• 罗雅玲、唐欣怡、解铭宇、严国强、唐先腾、唐章英、王秀丽、潘杰、 宋超 * ：《医疗资源配置效率的小区域时空评价：基于四川省县域面板数据的实证研究》，《中国卫生事业管理》2025年.
• 唐欣怡、罗雅玲、严国强、穆星如、刘佳雪、杨安岚、萨琦拉、唐章英、王秀丽、 宋超 * ：《医疗卫生资源的多指标时空联合评价：2009-2022年中国省域面板数据的实证分析》，《卫生经济研究》2025年.
• 国家发明专利，发明名称：一种探测突发公卫事件区域公众风险感知时空差异的方法，发明人： 宋超 、潘杰、解铭宇，专利权人：四川大学，专利号：ZL 2022 1 0217055.2，授权公告日：2023年06月06日，授权公告号：CN 115860306 B，专利申请日：2022年03月07日，证书号第6031596号。

• 计算机软件著作权，软件名称：基于 R – Shiny 的中国区县孕产妇及 5 岁以下儿童死亡率时空数据可视化分析系统 V1.0；著作权人：西南石油大学（唐先腾；唐章英； 宋超 ）；登记号：2025SR0096459。

• 计算机软件著作权，软件名称：基于空间自相关的碳排放时空分析系统 V1.0；著作权人：唐先腾；唐章英； 宋超 ；登记号：2024SR0857063。

• 计算机软件著作权，软件名称：基于STVCapp模型的R-shiny web 可视化建模系统V1.0，著作权人： 宋超 ;潘杰;唐章英，开发完成日期期：2023年04月02日，登记号：2023SR0879891，证书号：软著登字第11467064号。

TOPIC II: Applications using advanced geospatial/spatiotemporal modeling approaches

• Tang, Z. # , Zheng, X. # , Pan, J., Huang, X., Zhu, L., Wang, N., … & * Song, C . (2025). Spatial joint hazard assessment of landslide susceptibility and intensity within a single framework: Environmental insights from the Wenchuan earthquake. Science of The Total Environmen**t, 963, 178545.

• Xin Liu, Chao Song #, Zhoupeng Ren, and Shaobin Wang. “Predicting the Geographical Distribution of Malaria-Associated Anopheles Dirus in South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions under Climate Change Scenarios.” Frontiers in Environmental Science: 710 (2022). DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.841966 (SCI)

• Meifang Li, Xun Shi, Jiang Gui, Chao Song , Angeline S. Andrew, Erik P. Pioro, Elijah W. Stommel, Maeve Tischbein, Walter G. Bradley. A new method for estimating under-recruitment of a patient registry: A case study with the Ohio Registry of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Scientific Reports, 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18944-9.

• Jay Pan, Duan Wei, Barnabas C Seyler, Chao Song , and Xiuli Wang. “An External Patient Healthcare Index (EPHI) for Simulating Spatial Tendencies in Healthcare Seeking Behavior.” Frontiers in Public Health 10 (2022). DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.786467 (SSCI, SCI)

• Chao Song 1 , Yaqian He 1 , Yanchen Bo*, Jinfeng Wang, Zhoupeng Ren, Jiangang Guo and Huibin Yang. “Disease relative risk downscaling model to localize spatial epidemiologic indicators for mapping hand, foot, and mouth disease over China.” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (2019):1-19. DOI: 10.1007/s00477-019-01728-5. (SCI)

• Jintao Yang 1 , Chao Song 1 , Yang Yang*, Chengdong Xu, Fei Guo, and Lei Xie. “New Method for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Supported by Spatial Logistic Regression and Geodetector: A Case Study of Duwen Highway Basin, Sichuan Province, China.” Geomorphology 324 (2019): 62-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.019 (Co-first author, SCI, 2019 ESI Highly Cited Paper )

• Chao Song, Yaqian He, Yanchen Bo*, Jinfeng Wang, Zhoupeng Ren, and Huibin Yang. “Risk Assessment and Mapping of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease at the County Level in Mainland China Using Spatiotemporal Zero-Inflated Bayesian Hierarchical Models.” International journal of environmental research and public health 15, no. 7 (2018): 1476. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071476 (SSCI, SCI)

• Yanchen Bo*, Chao Song , Jinfeng Wang, and XiaoWen Li. “Using an Autologistic Regression Model to Identify Spatial Risk Factors and Spatial Risk Patterns of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Mainland China.” BMC Public Health 14, no. 1 (2014): 358. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-14-358 (SCI)

• Yang Yang 1 , Liwen Luo 1 , Chao Song *, Hao Yin, and Jintao Yang. “Spatiotemporal Assessment of Pm2. 5-Related Economic Losses from Health Impacts During 2014–2016 in China.” International journal of environmental research and public health 15, no. 6 (2018): 1278. DOI:10.3390/ijerph15061278 (SSCI, SCI)

• Xiaojun Lin, Miao Cai, Jingping Pan, Echu Liu, Xiuli Wang, Chao Song , Hualiang Lin, Jay Pan, PM2.5 chemical components are associated with in-hospital case fatality among acute myocardial infarction patients in China, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 284, 2024, 116898.

• Xiu Yang*, Chao Song , and Xiaoxuan Zhu. Which Cultural Factors Impact National Innovation-Analysis Based on Spatial-temporal Hierarchical Bayesian Models [J]. China Soft Science, 2017, 9:50-59. (Chinese Science Citation Database, CSCD, in Chinese). 杨修, 宋超 ,朱晓暄. 哪些文化因素影响了国家创新力?——基于时空层次贝叶斯模型的估计[J]. 中国软科学,2017(9):50-59.

• 潘杰, 张田丰, 张雨萌, 林小军, 李唯为, 宋超 , … & 唐雪峰. (2024). 数智驱动医疗卫生服务体系高质量发展: 发展机制与实施路径. 四川大学学报 (医学版), 55(5), 1055-1062.

• 敖露,刘潇,潘杰, 宋超 ,秀丽. 四川省住院患者空间流向及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国医院管理, 2024, 44(4): 44-50.

• 刘敏,沈紫琼,洪彬雪,雷雅麟, 宋超 ,任晓晖,赵莉.(2022).基于供需适配性理论的四川省3岁以下婴幼儿照护服务分析.四川大学学报(医学版)(04),663-669.

• 计算机软件著作权，软件名称：基于GA-SVM的滑坡地质灾害易发性评价系统V1.0著作权人：唐章英； 宋超 ；赵晓明；刘川，开发完成日期：2021年06月02日，登记号：2021SR1447927，证书号：软著登字第8170553号。

TOPIC III: Academic Reports

• 2024-8-23 to 2024-8-25: Song Chao presented a report titled “Causal STVC: A Statistical Modeling Method for Spatial-temporal Heterogeneous Causal Inference” at the Beijing venue of the 2024 Academic Annual Conference of the Professional Committee of Geographic Modeling and Geographic Information Analysis of the Geographical Society of China.

• 2024-5-17 to 2024-5-19: Song Chao reported on “Spatiotemporal Assessment of Health Indicators at a Small-area Level” at the sub-venue of the Third Academic Annual Conference of the Professional Committee of Social Geography Computing and Social Remote Sensing Geography Computing held in Wuhan.

• 2024-5-24 to 2024-5-26: Song Chao attended the 2024 Health Geography Young Scholars Forum: Applications of Multi-source Data and Diverse Methods in Health Geography Research in Zhuhai, and reported on “Applications of New Methods of Local Spatiotemporal Statistics to Health Geography” at the sub-venue.

• 2023-10-14 to 2023-10-16: Song Chao, Group Report, 2023 Academic Annual Conference of the Professional Committee of Geographic Modeling and Geographic Information Analysis of the Geographical Society of China, Sub-venue: Spatial Prediction and Attribution, Report Title: A Primer on Spatiotemporal Attribution Based on Bayesian Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients (STVC) Modeling, Wuhan (Wuhan University).

• 2023-3-31 to 2023-4-2: Song Chao, Group Report, The Sixth National Symposium on Cartographic Theory and Method, Sub-venue: Spatial Cognition and Spatial Analysis Applications, Report Title: Bayesian STVC Model: A Full-Map Method for Detecting Spatiotemporally Heterogeneous Variable Relationships, Chengdu (Southwest Petroleum University).

• 2022-6-17 to 2022-6-19: Song Chao, Group Report, The Fourth Belt & Road Initiative Global Health International Congress & 2022 University Alliance of the Silk Road Health Forum, Young Scholar Forum 1-Innovative and Significant Research, Report Title: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in associations of national population ageing with socioeconomic and environmental factors at the global scale, Xi’an (Xi’an Jiaotong University).

• 2021-11-3 to 2021-11-5: Song Chao, Group Report, The 28th International Conference on Geoinformatics CPGIS Annual Conference, Online Session 8: Annals of GIS Awarded Papers, Report Title: Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients (STVC) model: a Bayesian local regression to detect spatial and temporal nonstationarity in variables relationships, Nanchang (Jiangxi Normal University).

• 2021-9-24 to 2021-9-26: Song Chao, Group Report, 2021 Academic Annual Conference of the Professional Committee of Geographic Modeling and Geographic Information Analysis of the Geographical Society of China, Report Title: Application of Bayesian Spatiotemporal Varying Coefficient Model in Health Geography, Changchun (Northeast Normal University).

• 2019-7-29 to 2019-7-31: Song Chao, Invited Report, Frontier Forum on “Application of Geographic Information Analysis in Public Health and Health”, Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Science Association (CPGIS), Report Title: Spatiotemporal Varying Coefficients (STVC) Model: Detecting Local Spatiotemporal Non-stationary Heterogeneous Causal Relationships in Health Geography, Nanchang (Jiangxi Normal University).

• 2019-10-18 to 2019-10-20: Song Chao, Group Report, 2019 Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Geographical Information Science Theory and Method, Sub-venue: Health GIS, Report Title: Spatiotemporal Varying Coefficients (STVC) Model: Detecting Local Spatiotemporal Non-stationary Heterogeneous Impact Relationships in Health Geography, Shanghai (East China Normal University).
• 2018-4-10 to 2018-4-14: Song Chao, Chair/Group Report, 2018 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Geographers (AAG), Sub-venue: Medical Geography: Health and Disease, Report Title: Detecting disease-environment nonstationary associations using the Bayesian Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients (STVC) model, New Orleans, USA.

• Chao Song (宋超)
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• E-mails: chaosong@scu.edu.cn；chaosong.gis@gmail.com